Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs)

Ma Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadziko zosowa monga erbium (Er3+) ngati sing'anga yokulitsa.Imalowetsedwa mu fiber core panthawi yopanga.Amakhala ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka ulusi (kawirikawiri 10 m kapena kuposerapo) wopangidwa ndi galasi momwe kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka erbium amawonjezeredwa ngati dopant mu mawonekedwe a ion (Er3+).Chifukwa chake, ulusi wa silika umagwira ntchito ngati sing'anga.Ndi ma dopants (erbium) m'malo mwa silika fiber omwe amatsimikizira kutalika kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikupeza bandwidth.Ma EDFA nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito kudera la 1550 nm wavelength ndipo amatha kupereka mphamvu zopitilira 1 Tbps.Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina a WDM.

Mfundo yolimbikitsa kutulutsa imagwira ntchito pamakina okulitsa a EDFA.Pamene dopant (an erbium ion) ili mu mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri, chithunzithunzi cha chochitika cha chizindikiro cha kuwala chimachilimbikitsa.Imatulutsa mphamvu zake ku dopant ndikubwerera ku mphamvu yochepa ("kutulutsa mphamvu") yomwe imakhala yokhazikika.Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa kapangidwe kake ka EDFA.

1.1 Mapangidwe oyambira a EDFA

Pampu laser diode nthawi zambiri imapanga chizindikiro cha kuwala kwa kutalika kwa mawonekedwe (pa 980 nm kapena 1480 nm) pamphamvu kwambiri (~ 10-200 mW).Chizindikirochi chimaphatikizidwa ndi chizindikiro cholowetsa kuwala mu gawo la erbiumdoped la silica fiber kudzera pa WDM coupler.Ma erbium ions atenga mphamvu ya mpope iyi ndikudumphira ku chisangalalo chawo.Gawo la siginecha yotulutsa kuwala imakhomedwa ndikubwezeredwa pakulowetsa kwa laser pampu kudzera pagulu lazosefera ndi chowunikira.Izi zimakhala ngati njira yowongolera mphamvu kuti apange ma EDFA kukhala odziwongolera okha.Pamene ma elekitironi onse a metastable adyedwa ndiye kuti palibe kukulitsa kwina komwe kumachitika.Chifukwa chake, dongosololi limakhazikika lokha chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa ya EDFA imakhalabe pafupifupi nthawi zonse mosasamala kanthu za kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, ngati kulipo.

1.2 Chiwembu chosavuta cha EDFA

Chithunzi chomwe chili pamwambapa chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe osavuta a EDFA momwe chizindikiro cha mpope chochokera ku laser chimawonjezeredwa ku siginecha ya kuwala (pa 1480 nm kapena 980 nm) kudzera pa cholumikizira cha WDM.

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa amplifier ya EDF yofunikira kwambiri.Kutalika kwa chizindikiro cha mpope (ndi mphamvu ya mpope pafupifupi 50 mW) ndi 1480 nm kapena 980 nm.Mbali ina ya siginecha ya mpopeyi imasamutsidwa ku siginecha yamagetsi yolowetsamo ndi kutulutsa kolimbikitsa mkati mwautali waufupi wa Erbium-doped fiber.Imakhala ndi phindu lowoneka bwino la 5-15 dB komanso phokoso lochepera 10 dB.Pa ntchito ya 1550 nm, ndizotheka kupeza 30-40 dB Optical gain.

1.3 Kuzindikira kothandiza kwa EDFA

Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito osavuta a EDFA ndi mawonekedwe ake othandiza akagwiritsidwa ntchito pa WDM.

Monga zikuwonekera, ili ndi zigawo zazikulu zotsatirazi:

• Wodzipatula pakulowetsa.Izi zimapangitsa kuti phokoso lopangidwa ndi EDFA lisafalikire kumapeto kwa transmitter.

• Chithunzi cha WDM.Imaphatikiza siginecha yamphamvu yotsika ya 1550 nm optical input data yokhala ndi siginecha yamphamvu kwambiri yopopa (kuchokera pampu gwero monga laser) pa 980 nm kutalika.

• Gawo laling'ono la erbium-doped silica fiber.M'malo mwake, izi zimakhala ngati njira yogwira ntchito ya EDFA.

• Wodzipatula pazotulutsa.Zimathandiza kupewa chizindikiro chilichonse chowonekera kumbuyo kuti chilowe mu erbium-doped silica fiber.

Chizindikiro chomaliza chotuluka ndi chizindikiro chokulirapo cha 1550 nm wavelength optical data chotsalira cha 980 nm wavelength pampu chizindikiro.

Mitundu ya Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs)

Pali mitundu iwiri yamapangidwe a Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs):

• EDFA yokhala ndi pampu yofalitsa

• EDFA yokhala ndi pampu yotsutsa

Chithunzi chomwe chili m'munsimu chikuwonetsa pampu yotsutsa-kufalitsa ndi makonzedwe a pampu a bidirectional omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito muzinthu za EDFA.

Mapangidwe a pampu osiyanasiyana

Pampu yofalitsa EDFA imakhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako yotulutsa ndi phokoso lochepa;pomwe pampu yolimbana ndi kufalitsa EDFA imapereka mphamvu zowoneka bwino koma imapanganso phokoso lalikulu.Mu EDFA yodziwika bwino yamalonda, pampu ya bi-directional yokhala ndi kupopera kophatikizana ndi kupopera kotsutsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimabweretsa phindu lofanana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito EDFA ngati chilimbikitso, pamzere, komanso amplifier

Pogwiritsa ntchito ulalo wautali wa ulalo wolumikizirana, ma EDFA atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chowonjezera pakutulutsa kwa transmitter yamagetsi, amplifier yamagetsi yapaintaneti limodzi ndi ulusi wamaso komanso chokulitsa chisanachitike. wolandila, monga momwe tawonera pamwambapa.

Zingadziwike kuti ma EDFA apakati amayikidwa pamtunda wa 20-100 km motalikirana ndi kutayika kwa fiber.Chizindikiro cholowera cha kuwala chili pa kutalika kwa 1.55 μm, pomwe ma laser a pampu amagwira ntchito pa 1.48 μm kapena 980 nm kutalika.Kutalika kwake kwa Erbium-doped fiber ndi 10-50 m.

Amplification Mechanism mu EDFAs

Monga tanenera kale, njira yokulitsa mu EDFA imachokera ku mpweya wotsitsimutsa wofanana ndi wa laser.Mphamvu yapamwamba yochokera ku siginecha ya mpope ya kuwala (yopangidwa ndi laser ina) imasangalatsa ma ion dopant erbium (Er3+) mu ulusi wa silika kumtunda wa mphamvu.Chizindikiro cha data chothandizira chimapangitsa kusintha kwa ma ion a Erbium kupita kumalo otsika a mphamvu ndipo kumapangitsa kuti ma radiation a photon akhale ndi mphamvu zomwezo, mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwake komweko ngati chizindikiro cha kuwala.

Chithunzi cha mlingo wa mphamvu: Ma ion a Erbium aulere amawonetsa magulu osiyanasiyana amphamvu.Erbium ions akalowetsedwa mu ulusi wa silica, mphamvu zawo zonse zimagawanika kukhala magulu angapo ogwirizana kwambiri kuti apange gulu lamphamvu.

1.4 Njira yowonjezera mu EDFA

Kuti apeze kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, ma Er3 + ions amaponyedwa pamlingo wapakati 2. Mu njira yosadziwika (980-nm kupopera), Er3 + ions amasuntha mosalekeza kuchokera ku mlingo 1 kupita ku mlingo wa 3. Imatsatiridwa ndi kuwonongeka kosasunthika kufika pa mlingo 2, kuchokera komwe amagwera pamlingo wa 1, akuwunikira ma siginecha owoneka mumtunda wofunidwa wa 1500-1600 nm.Izi zimadziwika kuti 3-level amplification mechanism.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za Erbium-doped, chonde yang'anani patsamba lathu.

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