Erbium (Er) doped phosphate galasiikuwonetsa zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kowonjezereka m'zaka zaposachedwa kwa Er: lasers yamagalasi kuti agwiritse ntchito ngatiosiyanasiyana monga laser rangefinding, kulankhulana mtunda wautali, dermatology, ndi laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).Erbium fiber amplifiers imathandizira kulumikizana mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi mu chingwe cha transpacific pakati pa Hong Kong ndi Los Angeles, Er: magalasi a laser rangefinders amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambirintchito zachitetezo ndi kuzindikira,ndiEr: magalasi okongola a laserakupeza mphamvukuchotsa zipserandi ngakhalekuchiza tsitsichifukwa cha androgenetic alopecia.
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito omwe akukulawa amafunikira magalasi olondola kwambiri a laser okhala ndi zololera zowoneka bwino komanso zokutira zamphamvu kwambiri za laser.Kulekerera kolimba kumapatsa ophatikiza dongosolo chidaliro kuti zigawozo zitha kuyikidwa mosavuta m'makina awo popanda kutengera nthawi, koma izi zimapereka zovuta kwa opanga magalasi a laser.Kuwongolera njira ndi kuyang'ana pa metrology ndikofunikira kwa opanga magalasi a laser kuti apange zida zofunika pakukula kwa malo a laser optic a NIR.
CHIFUKWA CHIYANI GALASI ERBIUM-DOPED ?
M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika muukadaulo wa laser phosphate-based laser molingana ndi kuwongolera mphamvu zotulutsa, kufupikitsa kugunda kwanthawi, kuchepetsedwa kwa kukula kwa dongosolo, ndi kutalika kwa magwiridwe antchito atsopano.Er:Magalasi opangira magalasi nthawi zambiri amatulutsa pamafunde otetezedwa ndi maso a 1540nm, 1550nm, kapena 1570nm, omwe amakhala opindulitsa kwambiri pofufuza zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso nthawi zina pomwe anthu amatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi matabwa.Mafundewa amapindula ndi kufalikira kwakukulu kudzera mumlengalenga.1540nm imakumananso ndi kuyamwa pang'ono ndi melanin, kupangitsa Er: lasers yagalasi kukhala yabwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito laser yokongola kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda.
Chithunzi 1. Mphamvu za erbium.Er: lasers galasi amapopedwa ndi 800nm kapena 980nm laser ndi emit pa 1540nm kapena 1570nm.
Galasi ya Phosphate imafika pamtunda waukulu ndipo imatha kupangidwa ndi maatomu osowa padziko lapansi monga erbium ndi ytterbium kotero kuti imatha kufikira kusintha kwa anthu ndi lase ikakumana ndi kutalika kwa mpope kwa 800nm kapena 980nm (Chithunzi 1).Er: galasi likhozanso kuponyedwa ndi ma photon pa 1480nm, koma izi ndi zosafunika chifukwa kuchita bwino kungathe kuchepetsedwa popopera ndi kutulutsa mpweya womwe umapezeka mumtundu womwewo wa wavelength ndi mphamvu. [3]Magalasi a Phosphate amapindulanso ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala komanso ma LIDT (LIDT), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Er:galasi ndi magalasi ena a phosphate akhale abwino kwa NIR laser kupeza media.
Magalasi a Phosphate ali ndi kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa ayoni padziko lapansi osowa kwambiri kuposa magalasi a silicate, omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba kwambiri. [1]Komabe, amakhala ndi bandwidth yocheperako kuposa magalasi a silicate ndipo ndi a hygroscopic pang'ono, kutanthauza kuti amatenga chinyezi chochulukirapo kuchokera mumlengalenga.Choncho, iwo amangokhala ndi ntchito mu bandwidth yawo ndi machitidwe kumene iwo adzatetezedwa mokwanira ku chinyezi ndi zokutira kapena optics ena.
KULEMEKEZA KWAMBIRI NDI KULAMULIRA NTCHITO
Ntchito zambiri zomwe takambirana m'mbuyomu, makamaka zofufuza zamtundu wa laser pazodzitchinjiriza, nthawi zambiri zimafuna Er yaying'ono: zida zamagalasi zolimba kwambiri.Ma slabs opukutidwa bwino awa agalasi la laser amatha kuponyedwa m'magulu osakanikirana osafunikira.Amatha kufika kukula kwa SIM khadi ndipo nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi ma bevel chifukwa ndi ang'onoang'ono (Chithunzi 2).Izi zimapangitsa kuti m'mphepete mwa nthiti zikhale zovuta.Kukwaniritsa kufanana kolimba komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba pazigawo zazing'onozi kungakhale kovuta kwambiri.Malo owoneka bwino, kapena gawo lapamwamba lomwe limayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse, nthawi zambiri limakhala pafupifupi 100%, zomwe sizisiya malo opanda cholakwika m'mphepete mwa mawonekedwe.
Chithunzi 2. Er:magalasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mtundu wa laser ndi ma laser a NIR nthawi zambiri amakhala kukula kwa SIM khadi wamba kapena kucheperako.
Nanga n’cifukwa ciani mukukumana na mavuto onsewa?Mayankho am'mbuyomu nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza ma subassemblies akulu azigawo zingapo za kristalo zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi Nd: YAG bar.Zigawo zowonjezera izi zingaphatikizepo mbale za Brewster, zotsekemera zowonongeka kwa Q-switching, kapena makristasi otembenuza pafupipafupi.Makalumikizidwe osinthira pafupipafupi ndi ofunikira pazidziwitso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena mapulogalamu ena otseguka chifukwa kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a neodymium ndi owopsa kwambiri kuposa erbium ndipo amayenera kusamutsidwa ku utali wotalikirapo wa mafunde asanayambe kufalikira mtunda wautali.
Mapulogalamu a Rangefinder nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulumikizana ndi magawo angapo palimodzi ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse.Kuchoka pamapangidwe akalewa kupita ku chidutswa chimodzi chopukutidwa cha Er: galasi lochita ntchito zomwezo ndi zokutira zosiyanasiyana limachepetsa kukula kwa dongosolo ndi mtengo.Makatani a YAG nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakona a Brewster, koma zotsatira zomwezo zimatha kukwaniritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zokutira.Popeza Er:magalasi amagalasi amafunika kuphimbidwa mulimonse, ndizothandiza kuti muwonjezere zokutira zamtundu uwu kuti zinyamule magwiridwe antchito momwe mungathere ndikusunga mtengo kwina.
Chifukwa magalasi a phosphate ndi a hygroscopic pang'ono, ngati osakutidwa Er: galasi imasiyidwa panja kwa masiku angapo imatha kunyozeka.Ubwino wa pamwamba uyenera kuyendetsedwa musanaphike kuti chinyontho chisasunthike mugalasi.Zopaka zoikidwa pamalo opukutidwa a galasi lomaliza zimawathandiza kuti asawonongeke.
Zodziwika bwino za Er yaying'ono, yolondola kwambiri: ma slabs agalasi ndi <5 arcmin perpendicularity kwa m'mphepete, <10 arcsec of perpendicularity for the ends, and surface quality kuposa 10-5 scratch dig.Zofunikira izi zimafuna malo aukhondo, njira zoyendetsedwa bwino, komanso nthawi yochepa yogwira.
Magalasi a laser nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo awiri opukutidwa kumapeto pomwe ena onse amakhala pansi, koma mbali zina za Er izi: ma slabs amagalasi amapukutidwa komanso kulolerana kwambiri kuti agwirizane.Kusankha kuti ndi mbali ziti zopukuta ndi kuvala kaye, mbali zopukutira musanayambe kapena pambuyo podula, komanso nthawi yoti mugwiritse ntchito mbali imodzi kapena mbali ziwiri zonse zimatsimikizira mtengo ndi zokolola.Kusiyana kwa zokolola pakati pa ndondomeko yosadziwika bwino ndi ndondomeko yokonzedwa ndi wopanga wodziwa zambiri kungakhale kwakukulu ngati katatu.
Kuti muchepetse nthawi yogwira ndikuwongolera zokolola, ndikwabwino kupanga zonse ndi zokutira zichitike pamalo amodzi.Nthawi zonse gawo lomwe lamalizidwa pang'ono likatumizidwa pakati pa malo osiyanasiyana mwayi wa kuipitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka umachulukirachulukira, komanso nthawi yowonjezera pamzere.
ZOTITITSA ZAMBIRI ZA LIDT
Vuto limodzi lopanga Er yaying'ono: magalasi agalasi kuti apeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito zina zolondola za NIR ndikuti zokutira zingapo nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za gawolo.Izi ndizovuta chifukwa chakufunika kukonza ndi kuteteza malo osaphimbidwa asanakutidwe.Zimakhalanso zovuta kwa opanga kuti apewe kupopera mankhwala kapena kuwomba kumbuyo kwa slab, yomwe iyenera kutetezedwa panthawi yopaka.Mapeto ake amakhala ndi zokutira zotsutsa-reflective (AR) zokhala ndi ziwopsezo zazikulu zalase-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs).M'mphepete mwake mulinso zokutira zapamwamba za LIDT AR kuti mulowe mumtengo wapampu.Mphamvu ya mpope nthawi zonse imakhala yokwera kuposa yomwe imatulutsa.Ma slabs ena am'mbali anayi amakhala ndi zokutira zowonjezera zopangira magalasi owoneka bwino owoneka bwino, kusankhana kwa kutalika kwa mafunde, komanso kukana kuwala kwapope.
METROLOGY: NGATI SUNGAKUYETSE SIMUNGACHITE
Kulondola kwa kupanga ndi kuwongolera njira ndizopanda ntchito popanda miyeso yoyenera yofunikira kuti muyese bwino ndikutsimikizira zofunikira.Ma interferometer a laser, monga ZYGO Verifier, amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kutsika, koma poyeza Er: magalasi a magalasi ang'onoang'ono kumbuyo kumayamba kusokoneza miyeso ya kutsogolo chifukwa cha tsatanetsatane wofuna kufanana.Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuzungulira izi popaka Vaselini kapena chinthu china kumbuyo, koma pamwamba pake pamafunika kuyeretsedwanso ndipo mwayi wa kuwonongeka kwa chigawocho ukuwonjezeka.Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwa kuyeza kwa flatness kumachotsa zotsatira kuchokera kumbuyo ndikulola kuti miyeso ya flatness ipangidwe mwachangu komanso mopanda chiwopsezo chochepa.Ma tchipisi pamphepete mwa slabs amatha kulepheretsa ogwira ntchito kuyeza molondola kutsetsereka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kakhale kofunikira kwambiri.Perpendicularity ndi wedge nthawi zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito double pass autocollimator.
Malo omwe akukula ogwiritsira ntchito Er: ma lasers agalasi apitiliza kukankhira opanga zinthu zowoneka bwino kuti apange magalasi apamwamba komanso apamwamba kwambiri a laser ndi zokutira.Mapulogalamu a laser a 1540nm ndi 1570nm otetezedwa ndi maso amathandizira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito motetezeka, kulimbikitsa chidaliro kudzera mu njira zokometsera za laser, ndikuwongolera kulumikizana kwakutali.Upangiri wabwino kwambiri womwe ulipo ndikuti popanga makina a laser a NIR;kambiranani zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndi omwe akukupangirani kuti akutsogolereni pakusankha magalasi oyenera a laser ndi zinthu zina.
Nkhaniyi inalembedwa ndi Cory Boone, Lead Technical Marketing Engineer, Edmund Optics (Barrington, NJ) ndi Mike Middleton, Operations Manager, Edmund Optics Florida (Oldsmar, FL).
Zambiri zamalonda, mutha kubwera kudzachezera tsamba lathu:
https://www.erbiumtechnology.com/
Imelo:devin@erbiumtechnology.com
WhatsApp: +86-18113047438
Fax: + 86-2887897578
Onjezani: No.23, msewu wa Chaoyang, msewu wa Xihe, Longquanyi distrcit, Chengdu, 610107, China.
Nthawi Yowonjezera: Apr-01-2022
