Malinga ndi makina am'badwo wosiyanasiyana a ma laser a short-wave infrared lasers, pali mitundu itatu ya ma laser a short-wave infrared, omwe ndi ma semiconductor lasers, fiber lasers ndi solid-state lasers.Pakati pawo, ma lasers olimba amatha kugawidwa kukhala ma lasers olimba-boma kutengera kutembenuka kwa mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino komanso ma laser olimba omwe amapanga mwachindunji ma laser afupikitsa a infrared kuchokera ku zida zogwirira ntchito za laser.
Ma laser a semiconductor amagwiritsa ntchito zida za semiconductor ngati zida zogwirira ntchito za laser, ndipo mawonekedwe a laser wavelength amatsimikiziridwa ndi kusiyana kwa gulu la zida za semiconductor.Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi yazinthu, magulu amphamvu a zida za semiconductor amatha kupangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi mitundu ingapo ya mafunde a laser kudzera mu uinjiniya wa band band.Chifukwa chake, mafunde amfupi afupiafupi a laser atha kupezeka ndi ma semiconductor lasers.
Zomwe zimagwirira ntchito laser za laser-wave infrared semiconductor laser ndi zinthu za phosphor.Mwachitsanzo, indium phosphide semiconductor laser yokhala ndi kukula kwa 95 μm ili ndi mafunde a laser a 1.55 μm ndi 1.625 μm, ndipo mphamvu yafika 1.5 W.
Fiber laser imagwiritsa ntchito magalasi osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi ngati laser sing'anga ndi semiconductor laser ngati gwero la mpope.Ili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri monga malo otsika, kutembenuka kwakukulu, khalidwe labwino la mtengo, mawonekedwe osavuta, komanso kudalirika kwakukulu.Itha kutenganso mwayi pama radiation osowa padziko lapansi kuti apange laser fiber laser powonjezera zinthu zosankhidwa monga ma gratings mu laser resonator.Fiber lasers akhala chitsogozo chofunikira pakukula kwaukadaulo wa laser.
1.Laza yolimba-boma
Ma media olimba amtundu wa laser omwe amatha kupanga mwachindunji ma laser afupikitsa a infrared ndi Er: makhiristo a YAG ndi zoumba, ndi galasi la Er-doped.Ma laser olimba a boma ozikidwa pa Er: YAG crystal ndi zoumba zimatha kutulutsa mwachindunji 1.645μm short-wave infrared laser, yomwe ndi malo otentha pakufufuza kwa laser infrared infrared m'zaka zaposachedwa [3-5].Pakali pano, mphamvu ya pulse ya Er: YAG lasers yogwiritsa ntchito electro-optic kapena acousto-optic Q-switching yafika pang'onopang'ono mpaka makumi a mJ, kugunda kwa ma ns makumi, ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa makumi kufika ku masauzande a Hz.Ngati 1.532 μm semiconductor laser ntchito ngati gwero mpope, Iwo adzakhala ndi ubwino waukulu m'munda wa laser yogwira kuzindikira ndi laser countermeasures, makamaka chozemba zotsatira zake chozemba zipangizo lililonse laser chenjezo.
Er galasi laser ili ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika, otsika mtengo, opepuka, ndipo amatha kuzindikira ntchito yosinthira Q.Ndilo gwero loyatsa lomwe limakondedwa kuti muzindikire mwachangu ma laser a short-wave infrared.Komabe, chifukwa cha zofooka zinayi za zipangizo zamagalasi a Er: Choyamba, kutalika kwapakati kwa mawonekedwe a mayamwidwe ndi 940 nm kapena 976 nm, zomwe zimapangitsa kupopera kwa nyali kukhala kovuta kukwaniritsa;Chachiwiri, kukonzekera zipangizo zamagalasi za Er ndizovuta ndipo sikophweka kupanga zazikulu zazikulu;Chachitatu, galasi la Er Zomwe zili ndi zinthu zowonongeka zowonongeka, ndipo sizovuta kukwaniritsa ntchito yobwerezabwereza kwa nthawi yaitali, osasiya ntchito yopitilira;chachinayi, palibe zinthu zoyenera zosinthira Q.Ngakhale kafukufuku wa laser infrared laser yochokera pa galasi la Er nthawi zonse amakopa chidwi cha anthu, chifukwa chazifukwa zinayi zomwe zili pamwambazi, palibe chomwe chatuluka.Mpaka 1990, ndi kutuluka kwa mipiringidzo ya laser ya semiconductor yokhala ndi mafunde a 940 nm ndi 980 nm, komanso kutuluka kwa zinthu zodzaza mayamwidwe monga Co2+:MgAl2O4 (cobalt-doped magnesium aluminate), mabotolo awiri akuluakulu a gwero la mpope ndi Q-switching. zidasweka.Kafukufuku wokhudza magalasi agalasi adakula mwachangu.Makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwapa, dziko langa kakang'ono Er galasi laser gawo, amene integrates semiconductor mpope gwero, Er galasi ndi patsekeke resonant, kulemera zosaposa 10 g, ndipo ali yaing'ono mtanda kupanga mphamvu ya 50 kW nsonga mphamvu zigawo.Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa zinthu za galasi la Er, kubwerezabwereza kwa gawo la laser kumakhalabe kochepa.Ma frequency a laser a 50 kW module ndi 5 Hz okha, ndipo ma frequency a laser pafupipafupi a 20 kW module ndi 10 Hz, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamayendedwe otsika.
Laser ya 1.064 μm yopangidwa ndi Nd:YAG pulsed laser ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu yofikira ma megawati.Kuwala kolumikizana kolimba kotereku kukadutsa muzinthu zina zapadera, ma photon ake amamwazika mopanda mphamvu pa mamolekyu a zinthuzo, ndiko kuti, ma photon amatengeka ndi kupanga ma photon a Low-frequency photon.Pali mitundu iwiri ya zinthu zomwe zingathe kukwaniritsa kutembenuka pafupipafupi: imodzi ndi makhiristo osagwirizana, monga KTP, LiNbO3, etc.;ina ndi mpweya wothamanga kwambiri monga H2.Zikhazikitseni mumphuno ya kuwala kuti apange kuwala kwa parametric oscillator (OPO).
OPO yotengera mpweya wothamanga kwambiri nthawi zambiri imatanthawuza chiwongolero cha Raman chomwaza kuwala kwa parametric oscillator.Kuwala kwa mpope kumatengeka pang'ono ndipo kumapanga kuwala kocheperako.Laser okhwima a Raman amagwiritsa ntchito laser 1.064 μm kupopera gasi wothamanga kwambiri H2 kuti apeze laser ya 1.54 μm yaifupi-wave infuraredi.
CHITHUNZI 1
Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma shortwave infrared GV system ndi kujambula mtunda wautali usiku.Chounikira cha laser chiyenera kukhala chachifupi pulse short-wave infrared laser chokhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo kubwereza kwake kumayenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi ma frequency a frame kamera ya strobed.Malinga ndi momwe ma laser afupikitsidwira kunyumba ndi kunja alili, ma diode-pump Er: YAG lasers ndi OPO-based 1.57 μm solid-state lasers ndiye zisankho zabwino kwambiri.Kubwereza pafupipafupi ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ya laser yaing'ono ya Er galasi ikufunikabe kuwongolera.3.Kugwiritsa ntchito laser yaifupi-wave infrared mu photoelectric anti-reconnaissance
Chofunikira cha short-wave infrared laser anti-reconnaissance ndikuyatsa zida zowunikira za mdani zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu bandi yaifupi ya infrared yokhala ndi matabwa afupipafupi a laser infrared laser, kuti athe kupeza chidziwitso cholakwika kapena osagwira ntchito bwino, kapena ngakhale. chowunikira chawonongeka.Pali njira ziwiri zazifupi za infrared laser anti-reconnaissance njira, zomwe ndi kusokonekera kwakutali kwa makina otetezedwa ndi maso amunthu komanso kuwonongeka kwa kamera yaifupi ya infrared.
1.1 Kusokoneza kwachinyengo kwakutali kwa chitetezo chamaso cha laser rangefinder
Pulsed laser rangefinder imatembenuza mtunda pakati pa chandamale ndi chandamale pofika nthawi ya kugunda kwa laser kupita mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pakati pa malo otsegulira ndi chandamale.Ngati chojambulira cha rangefinder chilandira ma pulse ena a laser chisanachitike chizindikiro cha echo cha chandamale chikafika poyambira, chimasiya kuyika nthawi, ndipo mtunda wotembenuzidwawo si mtunda weniweni wa chandamale, koma chocheperako kuposa mtunda weniweni wa chandamale.Mtunda wabodza, womwe umakwaniritsa cholinga chonyenga mtunda wa rangefinder.Kwa ma laser rangefinder otetezedwa ndi maso, ma laser afupiafupi a infrared pulse of the wavelength omwewo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhazikitsa kusokoneza kwachinyengo patali.
Laser yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kusokoneza chinyengo cha mtunda wa rangefinder imatsanzira kufalikira kwa chandamale cha laser, kotero mphamvu ya laser pachimake ndi yotsika kwambiri, koma zinthu ziwiri zotsatirazi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa:
1) Kutalika kwa laser kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi kutalika kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wosokoneza.Fyuluta yosokoneza imayikidwa kutsogolo kwa chowunikira cha rangefinder, ndipo bandwidth ndi yopapatiza kwambiri.Ma laser okhala ndi mafunde otalikirapo kuposa kutalika kwa mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito sangathe kufika pamalo owoneka bwino a chowunikira.Ngakhale ma lasers a 1.54 μm ndi 1.57 μm okhala ndi mafunde ofanana sangathe kusokonezana.
2) Kubwereza kwa laser kumayenera kukhala kokwanira.Chojambulira cha rangefinder chimayankha chizindikiro cha laser chomwe chimafika pamalo ake owoneka bwino pokhapokha mulingowo ukayezedwa.Kuti mukwaniritse kusokoneza koyenera, kugunda kwapakati kuyenera kufinya mu chipata cha rangefinder wave 2 mpaka 3 pulses.Chipata chamtundu chomwe chingapezeke pakali pano chiri pa dongosolo la μs, kotero kuti laser yosokoneza iyenera kukhala ndi maulendo obwerezabwereza.Kutengera mtunda wolunjika wa 3 km mwachitsanzo, nthawi yofunikira kuti laser abwerere kamodzi ndi 20 μs.Ngati 2 pulses alowetsedwa, kubwereza kwa laser kumayenera kufika 50 kHz.Ngati mtundu wocheperako wa laser rangefinder ndi 300 m, kubwereza pafupipafupi kwa jammer sikungatsike 500 kHz.Ma lasers a semiconductor okha ndi ma fiber lasers amatha kukwaniritsa kubwereza kotereku.
1.2 Kusokoneza kopondereza komanso kuwonongeka kwa makamera afupiafupi a infrared
Monga chigawo chapakati cha mawonekedwe afupikitsa a infrared imaging, kamera yachifupi-wave infrared ili ndi mphamvu zochepa zoyankhira zamphamvu zake za InGaAs focal detector.Ngati mphamvu ya kuwala idutsa malire apamwamba amtundu wosinthika, machulukitsidwe adzachitika, ndipo chowunikira sichingathe kujambula bwino.Mphamvu zapamwamba Laser idzayambitsa kuwonongeka kosatha kwa chowunikira.
Ma lasers opitilira komanso otsika kwambiri amphamvu a semiconductor ndi ma laser fiber okhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba ndi oyenera kusokoneza kosalekeza kwa makamera afupipafupi a infrared.Yesetsani mosalekeza kamera ya infuraredi yaifupi yokhala ndi laser.Chifukwa cha kukulitsa kwakukulu kwa ma lens owoneka bwino, malo omwe laser amafalikira pa ndege ya InGaAs amakhala odzaza kwambiri, motero sangathe kujambulidwa bwino.Pokhapokha kuyatsa kwa laser kutayimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kujambula kumatha kubwerera pang'onopang'ono.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za zaka zambiri za kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala laser yogwira countermeasure m'magulu ooneka ndi pafupi-infuraredi ndi mayesero angapo kuwonongeka m'munda mphamvu, lasers yochepa zimachitika ndi nsonga mphamvu ya megawati ndi pamwamba zingachititse kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa TV. makamera pa mtunda wa makilomita kutali.kuwonongeka.Kaya zotsatira zowonongeka zitha kutheka, mphamvu yapamwamba ya laser ndiye chinsinsi.Malingana ngati mphamvu yapamwamba imakhala yokwera kwambiri kuposa chotchinga chowonongeka, phokoso limodzi likhoza kuwononga chowunikira.Kuchokera pakuwona zovuta za kapangidwe ka laser, kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kubwereza pafupipafupi kwa laser sikuyenera kufika pamlingo wa kamera kapena kupitilira apo, ndipo 10 Hz mpaka 20 Hz imatha kukumana ndi ntchito zenizeni zankhondo.Mwachilengedwe, makamera afupiafupi a infrared nawonso.
Zowunikira ndege za InGaAs zikuphatikiza ma CCDs ophulika ma elekitironi kutengera InGaAs/InP ma electron migration photocathodes ndi CMOS yopangidwa kenako.Machulukidwe awo ndi kuwonongeka kwawo kuli mu dongosolo lomwelo la Si-based CCD / CMOS, koma InGaAs / InP-based detectors sizinapezekebe.Machulukidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa CCD/COMS.
Malingana ndi momwe ma lasers amafupikitsira amtundu wafupipafupi kunyumba ndi kunja, 1.57 μm obwerezabwereza olimba-boma laser yochokera ku OPO akadali chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha kuwonongeka kwa laser kwa CCD/COMS.Mawonekedwe ake olowera mumlengalenga komanso mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya laser pulse Laser Kuwala kwamalo opepuka komanso kugunda kwamtundu umodzi ndizodziwikiratu chifukwa cha mphamvu yakupha yofewa yautali wautali wa optoelectronic wokhala ndi makamera afupipafupi a infrared.
2 .Mapeto
Ma laser afupiafupi okhala ndi mafunde apakati pa 1.1 μm ndi 1.7 μm ali ndi mwayi wodutsa mumlengalenga komanso amatha kulowa mkati mwa chifunga, mvula, matalala, utsi, mchenga ndi fumbi.Ndizosawoneka ndi zida zamasiku otsika zowonera usiku.Laser mu bandi ya 1.4 μm mpaka 1.6 μm ndi yotetezeka kwa diso la munthu, ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera monga chojambulira chokhwima chokhala ndi kutalika kwakuya kwakuya pamlingo uwu, ndipo chakhala chitsogozo chofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo za laser.
Pepalali limasanthula zaukadaulo ndi momwe ma lasers anayi amafupikitsidwira, kuphatikiza ma phosphor semiconductor lasers, Er-doped fiber lasers, Er-doped solid-state lasers, ndi OPO-based solid-state lasers, ndikufotokozera mwachidule kugwiritsa ntchito. mwa ma laser afupiafupiwa a infrared mu kuwunikira kogwira ntchito kwa photoelectric.Ntchito zofananira mu anti-reconnaissance.
1) Mphamvu yosalekeza komanso yotsika kwambiri yamphamvu yobwerezabwereza ma phosphor semiconductor lasers ndi Er-doped fiber lasers amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuwunikira kothandizira pakuwunika kwakutali komanso kuyang'ana usiku ndikupondereza kusokoneza makamera amtundu wafupipafupi wa adani.Ma lasers obwerezabwereza afupi-pulse phosphor semiconductor ndi ma Er-doped fiber lasers alinso magwero abwino owunikira chitetezo chamaso chamitundu yambiri, kuyang'ana kwa radar ndi chitetezo chamaso cha laser rangefinder kutalikirana.
2) Ma lasers okhazikika a OPO okhala ndi kubwereza kocheperako koma okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya megawati kapena ma megawati khumi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pojambula radar, kuyang'ana mtunda wautali wa laser usiku, kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kochepa kwa infuraredi ndi laser. chikhalidwe mode kutali maso a anthu Chitetezo laser kuyambira.
3) Laser yaying'ono ya Er galasi ndi imodzi mwamagawo omwe akukula mwachangu ma lasers afupipafupi a infrared m'zaka zaposachedwa.Mphamvu zamakono ndi kubwereza mafupipafupi mafupipafupi angagwiritsidwe ntchito muzitsulo zazing'ono za laser zotetezera maso.M'kupita kwa nthawi, mphamvu yapamwamba ikafika pamlingo wa megawati, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati radar yojambula zithunzi, kuyang'anira mageti a laser, ndi kuwonongeka kwa laser pamakamera afupiafupi a infuraredi.
4) Diode-pumped Er:YAG laser yomwe imabisa chipangizo chochenjeza cha laser ndiye njira yayikulu yopangira ma lasers amphamvu kwambiri.Ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito mu flash lidar, kuyang'ana kutali kwa laser gating usiku, ndi kuwonongeka kwa laser.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, monga zida zankhondo zili ndi zofunikira zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba pakuphatikiza machitidwe a optoelectronic, zida zazing'ono komanso zopepuka za laser zakhala njira yosapeŵeka pakupanga zida za laser.Ma lasers a semiconductor, ma laser fibers ndi ma laser ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi kukula kochepa, kulemera kochepa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa Ma laser a magalasi a Er akhala njira yayikulu yopangira ma laser afupikitsa a infrared.Makamaka, ma laser a fiber okhala ndi mtengo wabwino wowunikira ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito pakuwunikira kothandizira usiku, kuyang'anira mobisa komanso kuyang'ana, kusanthula lidar yojambula, ndi kusokoneza kwa laser.Komabe, mphamvu / mphamvu za mitundu itatu iyi ya ma lasers ang'onoang'ono ndi opepuka nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika, ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazowunikira kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo sangathe kukwaniritsa zosowa zautali wautali komanso kutsimikizira.Chifukwa chake, cholinga cha chitukuko ndikuwonjezera mphamvu / mphamvu ya laser.
Ma laser a OPO-based solid-state ali ndi mtengo wabwino kwambiri komanso mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo zabwino zake pakuwunika kwakutali, mawonekedwe a radar ndi kuwonongeka kwa laser zikuwonekerabe, ndipo mphamvu yotulutsa laser ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa laser ziyenera kuonjezedwa. .Kwa ma lasers a Er:YAG omwe amapopa diode, ngati mphamvu yakugunda ikachulukidwa pomwe kugunda kwamtima kumakanikizidwanso, ikhala njira yabwino kwambiri kuposa ma laser a OPO solid-state.Ili ndi maubwino pakuwonera patali, mawonekedwe a radar, ndi kuwonongeka kwa laser.Kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito.
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Nthawi Yowonjezera: Mar-02-2022
